General

BEOnline Plus  (Library of Congress)
 - select online business resources in 88 categories:
    accounting, business plans, e-commerce, demographics, data sets, directories, standards, etc.

Business.gov  (Small Business Administration)
-  partnering with 21 federal agencies
 - compliance documents and resources
   see section for starting, managing, contracting and workplace safety or information on specific industries
 

Specific

Securities & Exchange Commission  - information about companies  - includes EDGAR Database
Fed in Print  (Federal Reserve Bank) - gateway to FRB publications  Federal reserve Banks map  - many links to publications
Small Business Administration - starting and financing a business,opportunities, etc.
Treasury Department - accounting, budget, markets, international, etc.
Banking - FDIC information and reports, historical statistics, and more

Bureau of Economic Analysis - national, regional, industry and international stats

Economic Indicators, 1995-

Economics Indicators and statistics - various commonly used economic indicators from the Department of Commerce

County Business Patterns for the U.S. and every State; search by state, zip code or metro areas.
   - older edition available in the book stacks - Docs C 3.204/3-#:

U.S. Import/Export History 1989- to launch database and Import/Export Price Indexes

Employment Statistics - Bureau of Labor Statistics

Federal Reserve Bank's FRASER (Economic Research) and FRED (economic time-series database)

U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants - Green Book, U.S. economic and military assistance to other countries: data given in historical (current) and constant dollars. Search by country or program; 1946 to present.

World Development Indicators - international historical economic, social, educational, environmental and health data from the World Bank; provides data from 1960 to the present. See archived version for changes over time.

LGBTQ-owned businesses

focus on economic empowerment in the LGBTQ+ business community

Native American-owned businesses

with links to the  Office of Native American Affairs 

Veteran-owned businesses

- veterans, service-disabled veterans, reservists, active-duty service members, transitioning service members, and their dependents or survivors

Women-owned businesses

Office of Women's Business Ownership - assists women in helping them start and run successful businesses

Women-Owned Business Economic Research,1995-
Compilation of studies, covering topics such as:
  - business ownership rates, women-owned sole proprietorships, venture capital in women-led firms

Doing Business - World Bank resource for comparing business regulations, data and reports